Make sure you understand the security implications before enabling sudo in your Docker images.

RUN apt-get update -y && \
  DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y sudo && \
  rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists
RUN echo 'pwuser ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL' >> /etc/sudoers

↑ Replace pwuser with the name of the user you want to enable sudo for.